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    December 31

    Vii vs. Wii

    這就是祖國所製造的Vii。相當震撼,相當誇張。祖國的仿冒功力登峰造極,難怪Wii恨死Vii了。其實想想,也不這麼誇張。大自導彈戰機,小道LV包包都有仿冒。Vii也就不算什麼了。
     
    Vii大解剖
     
      
      
     
    Vii電視購物廣告
     
       
     
     朝日電視台專訪
     
      
    December 30

    Home Price Decline Sharpens

    A closely watched gauge of U.S. home prices shows they are falling sharply across most of the nation, as a deepening slump in the housing market threatens to damp consumer spending.
     
    Home prices in 10 major metropolitan areas in October were down 6.7% from a year earlier, according to the S&P/Case-Shiller home-price indexes, released yesterday by credit-rating firm Standard & Poor's. That exceeded the previous record year-to-year decline of 6.3% in April 1991, when the economy was emerging from a recession.
     
    New statistics from the Census Bureau, meanwhile, indicate a slowdown in the number of Americans moving to states that led the housing boom, including Nevada, Florida and Arizona.
     
    The silver lining behind the latest home-price data is that they signal the market is making what most economists see as a necessary adjustment, dragging home prices back into closer alignment with Americans' ability to pay. The market is working its way "back to reality," says David Seiders, chief economist of the National Association of Home Builders. He thinks house prices will bottom out by early 2009.
     
    Some other economists say that might not happen before 2010. "The housing shock is only about halfway over, and housing prices will continue to fall well into 2009," says Lehman Brothers economist Michelle Meyer.
     
    During the housing boom in the first half of this decade, fast-rising home prices made it easy for homeowners to take out home-equity loans or refinance their primary mortgages to extract some cash. That helped sustain consumer spending, which accounts for about 70% of U.S. economic activity.
     
    Economists now worry that falling home prices will prompt consumers to pull back on spending enough to slow growth or even tip the economy into recession. "Eventually what's happening in the housing market is going to catch up with us," says Patrick Newport, an economist at research-firm Global Insight Inc.
     
    Fears of a sharp drop in consumption were assuaged somewhat last week when the government reported that consumer spending in November grew at the fastest pace in 3½ years. And though holiday sales fell short of retailers' expectations, consumers, spurred by discounts, spent heavily in the final days before Christmas.Economists say that even if overall spending slows in December, the strength seen in October and November would be enough to keep the economy afloat in the near term.
     
    "The most important determinant of spending is always income," says Harm Bandholz, an economist at UniCredit in New York. He said that Americans' disposable income has risen a "solid" 2.5% over last year. He and others say that as long as the job market holds up and incomes keep growing, Americans will continue to spend.
     
    The S&P/Case-Shiller index showed that some of the fastest declines in home prices are in metropolitan areas that were among the hottest during the housing boom. Prices were down 12.4% from a year earlier in Miami, 11.1% in San Diego, 10.7% in Las Vegas and 10.6% in Phoenix.
     
    Home prices are still up from a year ago in some cities, such as Seattle and Charlotte, N.C. And people who bought their homes several years ago still are sitting on sizable gains in most of the country.
     
    The boom more than doubled prices in many populous areas near the coasts. The run-up was fueled in part by unusually low interest rates, which slashed the cost of monthly mortgage payments. In addition, in the wake of the technology-stock bubble, many Americans viewed real estate as a safer investment than stocks, and so poured increasing sums into second homes and rental properties. Home sales began to slow in mid-2005. Prices leveled off and then started declining in 2006. Over the past year, mortgage defaults have soared, leading to rapid growth in foreclosures.
     
    Bette Zerba, a Realtor with Re/Max in Phoenix, says local residents trying to sell their homes can't compete with foreclosed homes selling for $50,000 to $100,000 less than theirs. "The sellers now are having to reduce their prices by 20% to 30% to compete," she says.
     
    As the market adjusts, single-family housing starts have fallen 55% from their January 2006 peak to a seasonally adjusted annual rate of 829,000. In recent months, lenders and investors have begun owning up to billions of dollars of losses on mortgages and related securities, clearing the decks for an eventual revival in lending.
    But the recovery of the housing market is likely to be a gradual process. That's partly because the boom left prices so far out of whack with incomes. As measured by the S&P/Case-Shiller national index, home prices jumped 74% in the six years through 2006. During the same period, U.S. median household income rose 15%. (Neither figure is adjusted for inflation.) That made housing unaffordable for many Americans.
     
    For a few years, lax lending standards -- some loans required no down payments and offered low introductory interest rates -- meant borrowers could buy more expensive houses than they could really afford. But lenders have been burned by a surge in defaults that started in 2006, and such mortgages generally are no longer available. That means house prices will have to fall to a level potential buyers can afford.
     
    Mark Zandi, chief economist of Moody's Economy.com, a research firm in West Chester, Pa., predicts that on average U.S. house prices will decline about 12% by the second quarter of 2009 from their peak in the second quarter of 2006. He expects household income to rise by about the same amount over that period.
     
    Signs of this adjustment are apparent in the latest quarterly analysis of house prices by National City Corp., a Cleveland banking concern, and Global Insight. Economists at the two firms look at home prices in relation to household income and other factors, including population density (an indication of how much land is available) and past differences in prices caused by factors like climate and schools. In the third quarter, they found, prices in 38 of the nation's 330 metro areas were more than 33% above a level that could be explained by fundamental drivers of housing costs. That was down from 48 metro areas in this "overvalued" category in the second quarter.
     
    "Parts of the housing market are scratching bottom right now," says Richard DeKaser, chief economist at National City. Sales of new and existing homes are down about 32% from their mid-2005 peak, he says, and probably won't fall much further before leveling off or starting to recover slowly.
     
    Prices of new homes are likely to start recovering in the first half of 2008 because builders are aggressively chopping prices to clear inventories, says Edward Leamer, an economics professor at the University of California, Los Angeles. Recent price cuts by builders may have reduced demand in the short term because they encourage potential buyers to expect further discounts.
     
    But prices of previously occupied homes are likely to continue falling slowly for several years, Prof. Leamer says. That's because people trying to sell their homes often don't have an urgent need to move, and try to hold out for a price they consider fair.
     
    On average, prices of previously occupied homes, as measured by the S&P/Case-Shiller indexes, are likely to drop another 7% in 2008 before flattening out in 2009, says Thomas Lawler, a housing economist in Vienna, Va.
     
    Inventories of unsold homes remain very high and may increase in the new year as lenders dump more foreclosed houses on the market. The number of detached single-family homes listed for sale in October was enough to last 10½ months at the current sales rate, according to the National Association of Realtors. That was more than double the level of two years ago and the highest since 1985.
     
    Along with inventories, the nation's home ownership rate will have to adjust to today's realities as many Americans who stretched too far to buy homes in recent years go back to renting. The home ownership rate in the third quarter stood at 68.2% of households, down from a peak of 69.2% in 2004. Even a small drop in that rate has a big effect on housing demand. Economists at Goldman Sachs have warned that falling home ownership rates may force a further 40% drop in housing starts next year, to an annual rate as low as 500,000 units, before construction starts to recover.
     
    The mortgage market also needs to adjust further. Most of the funding for home loans comes from investors who buy securities backed by bundles of mortgages. Since August, many of those investors have shunned the market amid fears of rising defaults. As a result, lenders generally are focusing on loans that can be sold to government-sponsored investors Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, or insured by the Federal Housing Administration. So-called jumbo loans -- those above $417,000, too big to be sold to Fannie or Freddie -- have grown much more expensive, deterring buyers in high-cost areas.
     
    The current scarcity of funds available for mortgage lending creates a chicken-and-egg situation, says Prof. Leamer. Investors who provide funding for home loans don't want to commit more money until they believe the housing market is getting better. But it's hard for the housing market to rebound as long as mortgage credit is tight. Lower prices eventually will break this impasse, by luring buyers back into the market and reassuring investors that the market is finding a bottom, he says.
     

    又是一年

    聖誕節又到了,意味著年關又近了。掐指一算,畢業快三年了。工作也兩年半了。回顧這兩年,所有重要指數都是往上竄升。體重,血壓,年齡,近視;還好戶頭裡的錢也同時增加,要不然真的會相當扼腕。
     
    過去一年大都是在大陸度過的,北京,上海,深圳,成都,西安,都有著俺的足跡指紋,以及為了祖國GDP所貢獻的銀兩。待在台灣的時間相對來說少了許多。聽說去年台北的跨年晚會相當精采。一如往常,吉某今年還是到日本泡湯過新年。只不過這次去的更鄉下,更遠離塵囂,更白靄恬靜。
     
    謹祝各位新年快樂。

    This reminds me of my time in the States, especially in Michigan where it's all covered by snow outside during holiday season.
     
    Diana Krall is one of my favorites vocal jazz singer.  Interesting to compare her voice with others'.
     
    Have yourself a Merry little Xmas by Diana Krall and by Simone Egerilis
     
     
        
    December 22

    隕石爆炸事件

    西元一九○八年六月卅日上午七時四十分左右,俄羅斯西伯利亞地區通古斯河(Podkamennaya Tunguska)流域,居民發現地平線遠處出現一個發亮的火球,地面發生震動,一股高熱強風襲來,力道足以吹倒居民,搖撼建築物,有如遠方發生一場巨大爆炸。

    近廿年之後的一九二七年,蘇聯科學家古里克(Leonid Kulik)率領探險隊進行探勘,「通古斯事件」(Tunguska event)的真相才逐漸為世人所知。

    通古斯事件發生地點約在北緯六十度五十五分、東經一百零一度五十七分,地屬今日俄羅斯克拉斯諾亞爾斯克邊疆區的中部。當地遍布森林,杳無人煙,因此爆炸當時並未造成人命傷亡,但也導致外界長期對事件經過不甚了了。

    古里克探險隊抵達時發現,爆炸中心點一望即知,因為所有樹木都朝向中心點外側呈輻射狀倒下。方圓十五至五十公里內,地面絕大部分事物均被摧毀燒焦,雖然事發將近廿年,但鮮有植物生長。

    但奇特的是,中心點看不到巨形坑洞,只見一灘沼澤濕地。科學家研判禍首是一顆來自外太空的星體(彗星或小行星),在當地上空發生驚天動地的爆炸,同時生成火球和爆震波,行徑由東轉北,將地面上近兩千一百五十平方公里的松林夷為平地。後續調查發現當地遺留許多玻璃微粒,其中含有銥與鎳等隕石富含的成分,坐實爆炸物體的確來自太空。

    爆炸的能量約等於一千萬至一千五百萬噸三硝基甲苯炸藥(黃色炸藥,TNT),是廣島原爆的一千倍,有如發生芮氏規模五的地震。由於星體在爆炸當時完全崩解汽化,並未直接觸及地面,因此沒有留下隕石坑。爆炸後星體物質的粉塵瀰漫在大氣層中,因此西伯利亞與歐洲地區有很長一段間,夜空異常明亮。

    科學家從各項資料估計,這顆星體直徑約五十到一百九十公尺,重量在十萬至一百萬噸之間,以每小時約十萬公里的速度衝向地球,所幸最後在距離地表五千至一萬公尺處爆炸,否則後果將更不堪設想,受害者將絕對不只是八千萬顆樹木。

     

    December 16

    働きマン歌詞

    一つ暇なく働いて
    二つ不屈の精神で
    三つみんなで 四つ夜通し
    五ついつだって
    今日も働き働き働く 力の限り
    荒波超えで山越えで
    燃えろ働きマン
     
    六つ無休で働いて
    七つ涙がこぼれても
    八つやっぱり 九つコツコツ
    十(と)にかく頑張ろう
    今日も働き働き働く 家族のために
    千里の道も一歩から
    ゆくぞ働きマン
     
    一つ人より働いて
    二つ不満は口にせず
    三つ未来と 四つ世のため
    五ついつまでも
    今日も働き働き働く 力の限り
    荒波超えで山越えで
    ゆくぞ働きマン
     
    六つ無理とは知りつつも
    七つ泣いてはいられない
    八つやる気と 九つ根性で
    十(とお)とおやり遂げた
    今日も働き働き働く 明日のために
    茨の道もなんのその
    進め働きマン

    行くぞ 働きマン

    相當好笑。すごく面白い!
     
    働きマン(說明及全部看這裡)
     
    這裡是第一二集。
     
     
    December 14

    進化

    女性懷孕時大腹便便,走路時為何不會失去平衡或向前傾倒?

    一項科學研究發現,這係因經過千萬年進化過程,女性的下背部與髖關節結構,與男性演化出細微的差異,才能讓孕婦得以調整重心,不易跌倒。

    最新一期《自然》周刊登載的這份研究報告指出,上述這種細緻精巧的演化結構,只有女性或人類近親祖先體內才擁有,黑猩猩或人猿則沒有。

    美國德州大學奧斯汀分校人類學教授莉茲.夏比洛,是3位參與此研究的學者中,唯一曾懷孕者。她說:「懷孕時肚子變得又大又重,易讓人往前傾倒,孕婦大多會感到不舒服,但如果沒有演化差異,可能會更加難受。」

    參與此研究的哈佛大學人類學家凱薩琳.惠特康發現男女之間一直存在,但卻從未被注意到的差異,一個差異在下腰椎,女人的下腰椎呈楔型,而男人的則較方正;另一個差異是髖關節,以同樣體型而言,女性的髖關節比男性的要大上14%。

    夏比洛與惠特康對19名孕婦進行追蹤研究,利用數位相機和動態分析儀器,記錄並分析這些孕婦在數個月內身體姿態與移動時的差異變化。

    夏比洛表示,在女性懷孕中期,下腰椎與髖關節便會慢慢向後移動,「如果孕婦無此身體變化,為了保持重心,唯一能做的,就是緊縮背部肌肉,但妳愈這麼做,妳就愈不舒服,更糟的是,這可能導致脊椎受傷。」

    男性跟黑猩猩、人猿都沒有演化出這種身體結構,她笑說:「男人如果懷孕,也只能向後仰保持平衡,但如此一來,卻會傷害他們的脊椎。所以我相信,男人的啤酒肚與背痛一定有關聯。」

     

    December 08

    一山不容二虎

    一山不容二虎,在亞洲,日本與中國便處於這樣的關係。一個是傲視亞洲一世紀的日本虎,一個是飛騰而起的中國龍。就成長數據來說,日本被中國超越已是不可避免,但即使如此,對中國,日本還沒有真正服氣。

    日本習慣了當亞洲第一,聯合早報東京通訊員符祝慧說:「中國崛起對日本的自尊心是很大傷害,他們不喜歡旁邊有個平等的國家。」

         參拜之爭 實際是為經濟

    NHK放送文化研究所主任研究員山田賢一坦承:「這10年中國經濟一直猛追,就快趕上了,大家的焦慮愈來愈擴大,右派民族主義的聲浪跟著抬頭。中國抗議小泉參拜靖國,讓日本民意很反彈,日中關係也因此惡化。表面上是為參拜在吵,其實真正的原因還是經濟。」

    野村資本市場研究所資深研究員關志雄預測,再過56年,中國的GDP就可能追上日本。外務省官員更表示:「我們已有心理準備,中國GDP超過日本時,國民會有心理衝擊,有些人可能失去自信,愈來愈把中國當成威脅。要怎麼過渡這個變化,心理如何調適,是我們的課題,也是兩國領袖都要考慮的事。」

          矛盾猶存 歷史恩怨難解

    黑心商品、沙塵暴、旅日中國人犯罪、中國反日風潮等等,都影響了日本人對中國的觀感。首相府民調顯示,80年代有78成日本人對中國有好感,現在只剩下3成。

    此外,中國近來積極架構區域整合(如東協加三),儼然已成亞洲龍頭,但刻意排除日本,還杯葛日本成為聯合國安理會常任理事國,也凸顯雙方的結構性矛盾;在亞洲,終究只會有一個龍頭。

    儘管為了經貿等國家利益會,日本必須改善與中國的關係,但因為彼此的結構性矛盾、無法化解的歷史恩怨,和兩國內部的民族情緒與藉機宣洩的社會不滿,關係改善還是有一定上限。

         軍事威脅 日本人最在意

    最讓日本人在意的,還是軍事威脅。岡崎研究所副理事長川村純彥說得坦白:「我不覺得中國是和平崛起,19年來他們軍費都是2位數的成長,而且絕不對外說清楚。中國一定會持續加強軍力,這對日本和亞洲是很大危機。所以日本必須與美國安保合作,才有牽制力,而且還要加上台灣。」

    最近中國首次派軍艦「深圳號」訪問日本,川村認為這種軍事交流可以降低敵意,是很好的活動,「中國藉此增加了對日本的了解,但日本還是沒辦法更了解中國。」而「深圳號」官兵想參觀神盾艦被美國擋下,也凸顯出彼此微妙的緊張。

          敗將壯大 挫折感無以復加

    在日本眼中,中國是昔日手下敗將。如今眼看著它一直壯大,而自己對即將被超越無能為力,的確相當挫折。這種挫折感,在經濟衰退及人口老化導致自信動搖下,更加刺痛。

    然而,自豪於精神文明的日本,卻沒有那麼輕易承認中國的上位。未來即使中國GDP超過日本,如果不能在文明價值上進步,那日本還是不會服氣的。

    其實,日中之爭像一個試煉,現在日本真正的問題,在於國家自信與自我價值的迷失。

    自民黨眾議員加藤紘一認為,關鍵是中國崛起後,「我們要用什麼讓日本的存在有價值?」他認為日本在新時代的價值,應該是全球「對自然最尊敬的國家」,「當國民在自己的國家看到值得驕傲的價值時,就不會執著於與別國的競爭了。」

     

    December 05

    光緒死因

         清末光緒皇帝究竟怎麼死的?至今仍有不同說法。根據最新科學化驗顯示,光緒的頭髮存有大量致命的「砷」(砒霜),含量超過正常指標的一千至二千倍,如果光緒胃部附近的遺骨亦有類似結果,將可斷定光緒係中毒而亡。

          據香港《紫荊》月刊最新一期報導,大陸一個被列為國家重點文化工程項目,最近利用最新科技,對光緒皇帝遺留的髮絲進行毒物學的化驗,結果發現他的頭髮存有可致命的「砷」(砒霜)。

          不僅如此,光緒髮絲的含砷量超出正常水平的一千至二千倍,且這些致命的砷集中於頭髮中的一段,而非平均散布於頭髮全部,專家因而懷疑這位命運坎坷的清末皇帝,有可能遭「突發性的毒害致命。」

          胃部附近遺骨 化驗仍在進行

          文章指出,按目前化驗的結果,如果再對光緒胃部附近的遺骨,採取極微小的骨骼顆粒進行化驗,就可斷定光緒是否中毒而亡。據稱,科研人員目前對光緒遺骨的化驗工作仍在進行。

          據報導,光緒遺留的髮絲,係國家文物部門於八十年代清理光緒的陵墓崇陵地宮時發現,而陪葬的奇珍異寶早於一九三八年被盜墓者洗劫一空,地宮僅留下光緒遺骨。

          光緒四歲登基,由慈禧、慈安兩宮太后垂簾聽政,後由慈禧大權獨攬。中、日甲午戰敗,光緒銳意革新變法,遭到以慈禧為首的保守派反對,最終被迫軟禁,淒涼以終。

          按清代正史記載,光緒因患病而駕崩。除官修的史書外,中國第一歷史檔案館保存的光緒醫案(即病歷),至今十分齊全,特別是他臨終前半年病情加重期間,太醫對其診斷的記錄和服藥經過鉅細靡遺,成為光緒死亡原因的重要證據。

         不過,另據《崇陵傳信錄》和《清稗類鈔》等書所指,光緒的死因並不單純,慈禧太后病危期間,唯恐身後光緒得以重新執政,倒轉局勢,遂令人下毒,將光緒害死,使年僅三十八歲的光緒,反死在七十四歲的慈禧之前,而且相差一天,留下種種謎團。

         另有說法指出,光緒駕崩之前,曾喝了一碗慈禧親賜的酸奶。

         在《啟功口述歷史》一書亦有記載,其曾祖父任禮部尚書時,正趕上兩宮駕崩,當宣布慈禧臨死前,他的曾祖父看見一名端著一個蓋碗的太監,走出樂壽堂。出於責任曾祖父驅前詢問蓋中何物?太監稱,係慈禧賞給光緒的酸奶。

         文章同時引述《清實錄》對光緒死前身體狀況的記載,稱「光緒雖然有病,但都是慢性病。臨死三天前,仍能進行政事、家事活動。且發病突然,來勢急猛,不排險被謀害的可能。

    傑克又說話了

    紐約的貝提許問:當傑出員工有意跳槽到敵營時,我應該挽留他到什麼地步?

    答:當優秀員工威脅要離職時,大部分主管會感到惶恐不安,但是你不必考慮太多。

    不過在回答問題前,我們要先感謝你,因為你是第一個問我們關於如何「關懷」頂尖員工的讀者。頂尖員工遠勝於任何其他因素,是決定企業成敗的關鍵。畢竟擁有最優秀員工的團隊通常都是贏家,不是嗎?

    但是透過我們的專欄或在我們旅遊期間收到的人資問題,大多與如何管理混水摸魚的員工有關。我們聽到:「每年解僱績效最差或欠缺潛力的員工會不會太過冷酷無情?」,我們的回答是「剛好相反,表現差勁的員工需要了解他們在組織中的定位,如此才能著手尋找他們有能力長期勝任的工作。」

    抱歉有點離題,表現差勁的員工顯然不是你的問題。

    在正常情況下,想討好優秀員工,只需給予他們所渴望的,像是優渥薪酬、大力表揚、提供有趣又富有挑戰性的工作,以及讓他們感覺獲得充分授權。但是,當傑出員工要求見你、關上辦公室的門對你說「我得到一份無法拒絕的好差使」時,一切都改變了。

    你的直覺反應一定是開出條件相當的薪酬,但通常一定不夠,狡猾的對手肯定在其他方面提供更優渥的待遇,引誘你的員工,例如更大的職權或更高的頭銜。你也可以開出與之匹敵的待遇,但這時候麻煩就來了。

    以升遷的方式挽留優秀員工會激起騷動,尤其會讓自認該得到升遷、但尚未威脅要離職的人感到不滿。在你還沒意識到之前,其他出色員工會因為你滿足了威脅要離職員工的需求而感到受辱,就連表現普通的員工也會感到憤憤不平。最後所有工作可能都會落在那位唯一感到滿意、決定留下來的傑出職員身上,他會感覺自己從未如此不可或缺。

    聽起來很極端是嗎?實情就是如此。

    我們推薦一個主動出擊的方法,平時就把管理傑出員工列為優先要務,千萬不要將他們視為理所當然,並確定你的管理階層了解,留住傑出員工是評量績效的重要準則。

    但同時你也得記住,有時一流員工想離職純粹是因為在貴公司已看不到發展機會。他們優異的表現已為自己贏得更上一層樓的機會,超越長遠看來你所能給予的發展空間。

    基於這樣的現實,你必須永遠做好關鍵人物離職後的遞補準備,不論該職位的業務範圍有多大。嚴謹的人力資源計畫可以讓你有備無患,因為該計畫的優點是隨時評估業績、前後一致的訓練以及適用於各項要職的備援規劃,可以輕易地回答「倘若喬治或凱蘿離職,誰可以取代他們?」之類的問題。順便一提,這樣的備援規劃每年至少得執行一次,而且絕不能用死記硬背、填鴨的方式,敷衍了事。

    相反地,執行備援規劃的強度必須如同軍事演習。只有這樣,你的組織才有能力在八小時內取代即將離職的傑出員工。沒錯,就是八小時,貴公司也才能傳遞「沒有明星職員比組織來得重要」的訊息。

    現在我們了解,極力挽留優秀人才是很自然的反應,尤其當勁敵涉入其中時。不過,經驗也告訴我們,一旦傑出人才萌生去意,英勇的挽救行動通常成效有限。你可以給他們體面的職稱,為他們錦上添花一番,暫時說服他們留下來,但通常這些人終究仍會離去,留給你的是慌忙拼湊而成的組織架構和一群困惑的員工。最好保有組織秩序,以一顆祝福的心送走你的明星。如果你做好份內工作,那麼很快地,將有另一顆明星誕生。

    December 01

    難怪

    世界衛生組織(WHO)的國際癌症研究署(IARC)下月將把夜班工作列入可能致癌因素,因為研究發現,上夜班的人較易罹患乳腺癌和攝護腺癌。

    美國防癌協會也可能這樣做。之前該協會認為,夜班與癌症之間的關係「不確定、有爭議或沒有證實」。

    癌症的高發病率並未證明上夜班就會導致癌症。在上夜班的人中,可能存在導致他們罹患癌症的其他共同因素。

    然而科學家認為,夜班確實存在這種危險,因為上夜班干擾人的正常生理周期。遏制腫瘤生長的荷爾蒙褪黑激素通常在晚上分泌,夜班會導致褪黑激素的分泌減少。另外,上夜班的人往往睡眠不足,導致免疫系統功能減弱,這也是容易發生癌症的一個原因。

    如果夜班致癌的理論最終獲得證實,全世界數百萬人將受影響。專家估計,開發中國家有兩成員工從事夜班工作。

    康州大學健康中心的流行病學家史迪文斯教授最先發現夜班與癌症有關。他在1978年發表論文指出,夜晚的照明與乳腺癌有關係。他發現工業化國家三十年代乳腺癌患者激增,與工人上夜班有關。大多數科學家並未認可他的看法。

    但近年來一些研究發現,長期上夜班的婦女確實較易患乳腺癌。另外動物實驗顯示,改變動物的生理時鐘會使動物罹患癌症,並縮短其壽命。還有些研究顯示,從事夜班工作的男子較易罹患攝護腺癌。

    由於這些研究的對象主要是護士和航空機組人員,科學家還需對不同行業做更廣泛研究,才能最後證實或否定此一理論。

    致癌因素很多,包括酒精飲料和避孕藥。美國防癌協會的網站指出,致癌因素未必一定導致癌症。英國著名醫學雜誌「刺胳針腫瘤學」十二月號將刊登IARC的研究報告,可以消除許多懷疑者的疑雲。

    包子先生

    上週五公司同事買來包子先生的包子,相當有趣。原來包子也可以這樣,只不過味道吉某覺得一般般。
     
     
    包子